Fallout: New Vegas Walkthrough -> Factions in the Game (Part 2)
The Bombers are a faction in Fallout New Vegas. Their stronghold is Nellis Air Force Base. The Bombers hail from Vault 34, having abandoned their home base for the opportunity to shoot and blow up everything around them with impunity. They are extremely hostile to all other inhabitants of the Wasteland, whom they refer to as "savages."
The Courier can persuade the bombers to help one side or another in the battle for Hoover Dam (the quest "To the Sky!").
Tip: Mechanic Jack will offer to help the protagonist with the scrap metal shortage at Nellis Air Base, asking them to bring and deliver any scrap they find to him. The only reward is a boost to their reputation with the bombers.
The Great Khans are the reincarnation of a raiding gang called the Khans, operating in the Mojave Wasteland around 2281. After the Khan faction was virtually wiped out in 2161, some of its surviving members fled to the Mojave Wasteland and formed the Great Khans gang in the town of Bitter Springs. NCR soldiers and 1st Recon snipers were ordered to capture the town, slaughtering all its inhabitants, including women and children. The survivors of the attack were forced to flee to Red Rock Canyon, a place with barely enough resources to survive.
After the Bitter Springs massacre, the followers of the Apocalypse offered medical aid and support to the Great Khans who had fled to the canyon. They also taught the Great Khans how to make their own chemicals to help them survive, but the Great Khans chose to make drugs rather than medicine. The devils became their primary buyers.
By the time of Fallout: New Vegas, the leader of the Great Khans, Papa Khan, blames the New California Republic for his group's decline, and not without reason. However, he appears to be the only founding member of the Great Khans who continues to hate the NCR and doesn't even consider the possibility that the massacre was the result of a miscommunication between his command and his soldiers. Because of this, he chose to aid Caesar's Legion in the battle against the NCR at Hoover Dam, putting him at odds with some members of his tribe.
The Followers of the Apocalypse is a group founded long before the formation of the NCR, in the city of Boneyard, headquartered in the former Los Angeles Library. They are a primarily secular group, though not without a touch of religiosity.
They appear to be all that remains of Christianity in the Wasteland, though they don't dwell on it. They've dedicated themselves to re-educating people and rebuilding the Wasteland, ensuring humanity doesn't repeat the mistakes that led to the Great War.
This group was founded by Nicole, who led it until 2161. The Followers are essentially indifferent to their destinations, as they provide vital medical and agricultural knowledge wherever they go. Around 2161, they were among the few who recognized the true identity of the Children of the Cathedral. Talius, a ghoul-like mutant, found refuge among the Followers and helped them understand the Children's true nature.
Following the Master's death, the Followers of the Apocalypse became a major force in the newly formed New California Republic. With the help of the Vault Dweller, they gained control of the Los Angeles Boneyard. However, their relationship with the NCR cooled over time. The Followers are also irritated by their association with Caesar's Legion, as Caesar himself seceded from the Followers (in the Van Buren storyline, in Fallout: New Vegas, Caesar is a former NCR citizen).
The Devils are a faction that inhabits the Mojave Wasteland. They are virtually indistinguishable from a typical raider gang, except that they are much better equipped. The NCR leadership has dubbed them drug-addicted psychopaths who rape and murder innocents. They are completely devoid of any human virtues, hence their name, "The Devils."
The gang's English name, Fiends, can also be translated as "people obsessed with something," and this is a pretty clear hint that they are obsessed with drugs (drug fiends), or, in other words, drug addicts.
The State of Utobitha is a faction comprising the second generation of super mutants and Shades in the Mojave Desert, based on Black Mountain. They are led by Tabitha, who also operates Black Mountain Radio from here. Tabitha founded the State of Utobitha in 2279, approximately two years before the events of Fallout: New Vegas.
It was founded to take over the settlement Marcus had established on Black Mountain. The name "Utobitha" comes from a combination of the words "Utopia" and "Tabitha."
Sources: bethplanet.ru, ru.fallout.wikia.com
Factions in the game: (part 1) (part 2)
See also:
Fallout: New Vegas - Perks (Level 6)